Eriksons Psychosocial Stages Children And Young People Essays

Eriksons Psychosocial Stages Children And Young People Essays Eriksons Psychosocial Stages Children And Young People Essay Eriksons Psychosocial Stages Children And Young People Essay Erik Erikson s is a Neo-Freudian ; his theory is the spread outing of Sigmund Freud s theory. He expands it with other dimension and increases the clip of development. Freud s psychosexual theory emphasises that personalities develop in the early childhood, but Erikson does non hold with him and stated that development occurs from born until dead, therefore, he increases the figure of phases until late maturity. Besides that, Erikson besides stressed on the influences of cognitive and societal interaction in development. He merely partly believes in Freud theory about the unconscious head. He believes that ego represent personality better than Idaho. Erikson divided development into eight alone phases. In each phase, a crisis and struggle occur and we have to come out with an appropriate solution. If the crisis is failed to get the better of, it will be brought frontward to the following phase and hence affects the development inthe hereafter phases. Erikson s theory is discontinuous within phases but continues between phases. He used the term epigenetic rule, which means that if person had faced a job and delayed the development on a peculiar phase, the undermentioned phases will besides confront jobs or will non develop good ( Fleming, 2004 ) . Vice versa, if it is a successful development at the first phase, so the ulterior phases may develop positively every bit good. However, the earlier phases can reoccur once more in anytime ( Sneed, Whitbourne, A ; Culang, 2006 ) . When the struggle on the peculiar phase is overcome, so the self-importance strength will increase, and higher self-importance strength tends to hold higher o pportunities of successful development of personality in the hereafter. The opposite strength of self-importance strength is core pathology which decreases as self-importance strength addition. Introduction about Mother Teresa Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910 and died on September 5, 1997 ( Abrams, 1997 ) . Her birth name is Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu and she adopted the name Teresa from Saint Teresa of Lisieux, the frequenter saint of foreign missionaries ( Leo, 2001 ) . She was born in Skopje, the current capital of the Republic of Macedonia. Skopje was portion of the Ottoman Empire at the clip of her birth and Skopje was conquered by the Kingdom of Serbia in 1912, when Mother Teresa was two old ages old ( Hitchens, 2013 ) . Mother Teresa was the youngest in her household with an senior sister, Aga and a brother, Lazar. Her male parent, Nikola Bojaxhiu was a well-known contractor that died when Mother Teresa was 8 old ages old. By the age of 12, Mother Teresa felt the call from the God to function Him as a nun ( Leo, 2001 ) . By the age of 18, Mother Teresa made up her head and became a nun. She left her place in Skopje and joinedA the Sisters of Loreto of Dublin. She was sent to India in the twelvemonth of 1929 ( Rosenberg, 2013 ) . She taught in Saint Mary s High School in Calcutta, India for 20 old ages ( Leo, 2001 ) . On September 10, 1946, Mother Teresa received a call within a call from God to assist the hapless while she was going to Darjeeling ( Rosenberg, 2013 ) . In 1948, Pope Pious XII gave Mother Teresa the permission to go forth her responsibilities ( Leo, 2001 ) . After she left her responsibilities in order to assist the hapless and stateless people, she began an open-aired school and established a place for the deceasing destitute in an old edifice ( Hitchens, 2013 ) . Home for the deceasing destitute is now known as hospice. On October 7, 1950, Mother Teresa received permission to get down her ain order, The Missionaries of Charity that was intended to assist the hapless, uncared and stateless people ( Leo, 2001 ) . In 1965, The Missionaries of Charity became an international Religious Family with the edict of Pope Paul VI. In 1979, Mother Teresa s difficult work had been recognised and she was awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize. Besides that, she was besides awarded by Pope John XXIII with the Peace Prize on 1971, Nehru Prize on 1972, Balzan Proze on 1979 and Templeton and Magsaysay awards ( Abrams, 1997 ) . On September 5, 1997, Mother Teresa passed off because of terrible cardiac apprehension ( Leo, 2001 ) . 1st Stage Trust vs. Mistrust This phase happens from birth to one twelvemonth old. The new Born baby first experiences the universe ; they need to cognize that they will confront many challenges in their future life. A changeless attending and skin ship are really of import for the babyhood in this phase. The attention giver plays an of import function and has large influences on babyhood to get the better of the crisis. If the Infancies basic demands can non be fulfill, the babe may developed misgiving. Vice versa, the babyhood can be said has developed trust if the babyhoods can remain calmed even though the attention givers is non around them. Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910 in Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Macedonia ( Nobel Prize, 1979 ) . Mother Teresa was the 3rd and the last kids in her household. Parents tend to love their youngest kid more. ( The Telegraph, 2011 ) . Mother Teresa may have many loves and attention from her parents. She will acquire the attendings that are really of import to get the better of the crisis in this phase. Besides, Mother Teresa male parent, Nikola was a successful man of affairs and her female parent, Dranafile is a house married woman who stayed at place and takes attention of their kids. It is obvious that Dranafile can pay all her attending on taking attention of her new born babe, Mother Teresa. Hence, Mother Teresa developed trust. Mother Teresa was born in Albanian Catholic household ( Rosenberg, 2013 ) . Albania is a cragged state, 28,748 square stat mis in size, somewhat larger than the province of Maryland ( Jurgens, 2013 ) . There are no any grounds show how the Albanian raise their kids in twelvemonth 1910. However, Skopje, the topographic point where Mother Teresa was born is prevailing Muslim metropolis in the Balkans ( Jurgens, 2013 ) . There are besides no grounds shows the crisis between Muslim and Christian in Macedonia in 1910. 2nd Stage Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt The 2nd phase occurs between one to three old ages old. Toddlers start to seek to command their organic structure motion. They want to make things such as walking, eating and intestines control by their ain. If the parent is impatient and frequently show anger towards the yearlings when the yearlings are practising to make things, the yearlings will developed shamed and doubt on themselves. In this period, it is of import that parents set regulations of criterions on yearling s behaviour. The yearlings should hold the thought of what can make and what can non make, larning the jurisprudence and order . At the beginning of the 19th century, Albania s battle for independency. In 1912, during World War I Albania became associated state of the Great Powers after a short period of independency in 1912 ( Jurgens, 2013 ) . Mother Teresa that when she is 2 old ages old. During the war, parents could nt hold the full attending on their kids. In this instance, Mother Teresa has to larn accomplishments all by herself. However, since she is the last kids in her household, her parents already have the experiences when turning up the senior kids. She will besides have the regulations to command her behavior. Mother Teresa s parents was Christian, they will hold subject to restraint Mother Teresa behaviours every bit good. Furthermore, Erikson s theory stated that the positive result of the earlier phases will take to successful development in the hereafter stages. Mother Teresa developed trust in first phases, hence, she has higher opportunity to get the better of the crisis in this phases. 3rd Stage Initiative V. Guilt On this phase, the kids will get down to be more active and parents may see the kid s action as aggressive ( Bee, 1992 ) . At the age of 3 old ages old, kids will get down to play game and drama with the others. If the kid is given an chance, the kid will develop the sense of enterprise and experience secure with their ability to do determinations and to steer others ( McLeod, 2008 ) . In the same age, the kids will besides get down to inquire many inquiries because they are funny of why the specific event happened or why the object is called the particular name. If the parents treated those inquiries as irritation and scolded the kid for inquiring many inquiries may take the kid to develop guilt in them ( McLeod, 2008 ) . At this phase, we can non place any specific grounds in order to associate or proof that Mother Teresa adopted inaugural or guilt in her life because of the deficient biographical grounds. 4th Phase Industry ( competency ) vs. Inferiority On phase four, kids will get down to larn how to compose, read, mathematical accomplishment and even do things by their ain. At this phase, the instructors play an of import function in order to assist the kids to larn the accomplishment needed. Besides this phase, the major beginning of the kid s self-pride will come from the kid s equal group. The kids now will experience the demand to win blessing from the equal group by demoing their accomplishments that are valued by the society. This will assist the kid to develop the sense of provide in the kids s achievements ( McLeod, 2008 ) . If kids are reinforced for their enterprise, they will get down to experience hardworking and they will experience confident with their ain ability to accomplish ends. In contrast, if kids can non develop accomplishment that they think society is demanding so kids may develop the sense of lower status ( McLeod, 2008 ) . At the age of 8 old ages old, Mother Teresa lost her male parent and she became close with her female parent who was a pious and compassionate adult female that instilled Mother Teresa with a deep committedness to charity ( Hitchens, 2013 ) . This proved that Mother Teresa was taught by her female parent to make charity and it affected Mother Teresa s life profoundly. To affect in charity became a necessary accomplishment in Mother Teresa s life as the accomplishment was profoundly implant by her female parent. Mother Teresa develops the demand to affect in charity and was reinforced by her female parent and Mother Teresa construct confident in her and continues her good occupation affecting in charity. 5th phase individuality vs. individuality confusion We will travel through this phase about from the age of 13 to the age of 18 old ages old. During this phase, the stripling will confront happening out who they truly are and what can they go in the hereafter. If one explore 1s function in a healthy mode so a positive individuality will decide, if non, individuality confusion will reign. At the age of 12, she felt strongly the call of God to function Him as a nun. She knew she had to be a missional to distribute the love of Christ. For about 5 old ages Mother Theresa thought hard about it. During this clip, she was really active in church and besides helped her female parent to give nutrient to the hapless. Having read many articles, she was really determined to go a nun. 18 old ages old, she left her parental place in Skojpe and joined the sisters of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns with mission in India. Later on, she traveled all the manner to India. She neer retuned back place after that. Mother Theresa achieved a really positive individuality to go a nun. Although she had to believe long and hard about it, she was really determined to follow the call of God to go a nun. She besides had an individuality of a good girl and neighbor by assisting her female parent to give out nutrient to the hapless about every twenty-four hours. 6th phase familiarity vs. isolation The 6th phase of Erikson s psychosocial development is intimacy versus isolation which we will travel through when we are immature grownups, about from the age 20 to 40 old ages old. During this phase, immature grownups want to suit in and happen love. They want to hold an confidant, loving relationship with one another. If that peculiar individual does non happen this familiarity or does non cognize how to demo love, he or she will so go down and stray. Erikson s psychosocial theory is ever based on the old phase. Therefore, if the individual did non happen his or her individuality, so that individual will happen it difficult to love and to be intimate with another individual, hence that individual is more frequent to isolation and depression. During this period of age, Mother Theresa taught geographics and catechism at St. Mary s, Calcutta, India. All the misss in her category loved her hence she was their favourite instructor. Mother Theresa shortly became the principal of St. Mary s in 1944. She besides has an confidant relationship with Christ. Unfortunately, Mother Theresa was diagnosed with TB and had to halt instruction. She was sent to Darjeeling to rest. During her train drive to Darjeeling, Mother Theresa received her 2nd call. During that minute, she was inspired by a message to acquire out of the convent and travel leave with the needy. After about 20 old ages with the Loreto order, Mother Theresa left the convent to first pass some hebdomads in Patna with the Medical Mission Sisters to hold some basic medical cognition. When she was 38 old ages old, Mother Theresa was ready to travel out into the slums of India to assist the poorest of the hapless. While walking in the slums, Mother Theresa found some little k ids. The lone thing she was great at that clip was learning and hence she began to give an instruction to the small kids in the slums utilizing merely sticks and clay so subsequently on rented a hut and turned it into a schoolroom. She besides began sing other households in the slum to offer them love and limited medical aid. Other people heard of what she was making and gave her contributions. Soon Mother Theresa opened the Missionaries of Charity. As a decision, Mother Theresa had familiarity. She was loved by her pupils and has a strong confidant relationship with Christ. She even found her individuality during the fifth phase to be a nun. She even showed love towards the hapless when she got the 2nd call. Her love was shown by the manner she would travel to households of the slum to offer them the small cognition of medical intervention she had. She showed familiarity when she taught some small kids because she wanted them to turn up and hold a brighter hereafter. 7th Stage Generativity vs. Stagnation The penultimate phase of Erickson s theory of psychosocial development is possibly the 1 that can be observed most conspicuously in Mother Teresa of Calcutta. While it is hard to state what Mother Teresa herself would hold replied to the inquiry of whether she felt her ain life was meaningful plenty, it can certainly be concluded that she made a difference to 1000s of other people, accomplishing miracles in the field of societal services, kid attention and general peacemaking of humanity. The 2nd to last phase of Erickson s theory calls into the inquiry the value of a individual s life as he/she sees it. For in late maturity merely is an single forced to see inquiries of existential philosophy such as is my life meaningful and what have I achieved over these past old ages . If the reply is a satisfactory one so the person would hold a high sense of generativity significance he/she would desire to go through down his/her bequest to the following coevals. In a batch of ways, this peculiar phase of development is about releasing control over on to the following coevals because one cares adequate about them to be able to do one s peace with it. In a batch of ways, this phase is of doing manner for the new coevals and guaranting its saving which is what Mother Teresa did in copiousness. She inspired a assortment of memorializations. She has been memorialised through museums, been named patronne of assorted churches, and had assorted constructions and roads named after her. All this demonstrates non merely her highly active engagement in causes of societal public assistance but her ain concern for the following coevals every bit good as the hapless and the underprivileged whom she dedicated her life to. 8th Stage Integrity V. Despair The concluding phase in Erickson s Psychosocial development theory Integrity and Despair. It is the phase where we have evaluated our life ( as seen antecedently ) and are now ready to go through a determination on whether it is worthwhile or non. Integrity stems from cognizing that your life has been an enriched and carry throughing one while desperation is normally the consequence of thought that you have made no noteworthy difference whatsoever throughout your being. In Mother Teresa s instance, it is really obvious that her life was one filled with enrichment despite her following the life style of the hapless. The mere fact that she chose this life style as opposed to populating like a in-between category adult female is proof plenty that she had high sums of unity. In the concluding old ages of her life, Mother Teresa suffered a bosom onslaught in Rome in 1983, while sing Pope John Paul II. After a 2nd onslaught in 1989, she received an unreal pacesetter. In 1991, after a conflict with pneumonia while in Mexico, she suffered farther bosom jobs. She offered to vacate her place as caput of the Missionaries of Charity, but the sisters of the order, in a secret ballot, voted for her to remain. Mother Teresa agreed to go on her work as caput of the order which shows that her ain unity was solidified by those around her who wanted her to remain on despite her worsening age and wellness. All those around her held her in high respect which built her ain degree of unity to fit. In short, mother Teresa was genuinely an inspiring person who made a difference in the lives of 1000000s and her work continues to impact societal workers and charities around the universe today. Throughout her life she lived as the hapless, working and assisting those in demand and directing a message of peace, love and spiritualty to everyone she met. She was clearly one of the most particular persons to walk the Earth and phases of her life can easy be studied through the lives she touched and the stuff she inspired. Through Erickson s phases of psychosocial developments, her life and work may be mapped as a genuinely built-in portion of the universe s history. Decision

Young Learners English Fingerplay Songs

Young Learner's English Fingerplay Songs Fingerplays - Learning Through MovementHere are a number of English fingerplay songs which combine movements of the hands and fingers with key vocabulary. The act of singing and acting out on the fingers children make both a kinetic and musical connection to the new words, also known as a  multiple intelligences approach  to learning.  Fingerplays are usually chanted, although some songs also have movements which are in parentheses after each spoken line. Three Little Monkeys Three Little Monkeys can have as many verses as you like to  practice the numbers. Here are the last two verses as examples. Verse 1 Three little monkeys jumping on the bed,  (tap three fingers on palm) One fell off and bumped is head.  (one finger falls off, then hold head) Mama called the doctor and the doctor said:  (hold imaginary telephone to your ear) No more little monkeys jumping on the bed.  (shake finger) Verse 2 Two little monkeys jumping on the bed,  (tap three fingers on palm) One fell off and bumped is head.  (one finger falls off, then hold head) Mama called the doctor and the doctor said:  (hold imaginary telephone to your ear) No more little monkeys jumping on the bed.  (shake finger) Little Bunny Foo-Foo Verse 1 Little bunny Foo-Foo hopping through the forest  (raise your hand up and down as if hopping along through the forest) Scooping up the chipmunks and bopping them on the head.  (pound fist into palm) Down came the good fairy and she said:  (drop shaking hand from above to below) Little bunny Foo-Foo, I dont want to see you  (shake finger) Scooping up the chipmunks and bopping them on the head  (raise your hand up and down as if hopping along through the forest) Ill give you three chances,  (raise three fingers) And if youre not good, Ill turn you into a goon.  (raise both hands up into the sky and shake them as if frightened) Verse 2 So, the very next day...(repeat except the fairy Godmother says two chances) Verse 3 So, the very next day...(repeat except the fairy Godmother says one chance) Final Moral The moral of this story is: Hare today, Goon Tomorrow!(play on words of the common saying: Here today, gone tomorrow) Clap Your Hands 1 Clap, clap, clap your hands as slowly as you can.  (clap your hands slowly) Clap, clap, clap your hands as quickly as you can.  (clap your hands quickly) 2 Shake, shake, shake your hands as slowly as you can.  (shake your hands slowly) Shake, shake, shake your hands as quickly as you can.  (shake your hands quickly) 3 Rub, rub, rub your hands as slowly as you can.  (rub your hands slowly) Rub, rub, rub your hands as quickly as you can.  (rub your hands quickly) 4 Roll, roll, roll your hands as slowly as you can.  (roll your hands slowly) Roll, roll, roll your hands as quickly as you can.  (roll your hands quickly) Tips for Teaching Fingerplay Songs Write key vocabulary for each song on the board. Practice each movement, and check for understanding.Model the song a few times yourself. Dont be shy!Have students contribute other movements to Clap Your HandsHave different students lead the class in the songs once theyve learned the songs by heart.Ask students to create their own songs.Use  grammar chants  to help students learn simple grammar structures.